Improvement in direct-acting steam-engines



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,gm D ma .ZD mi Patented Dec. 5,1871.

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UNITED 'raras IMPROVEMENT IN DIRECT-ACTING STEAM-ENGINES. l

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 121,451, dated December5, 1871; antedated November 20, 1871.

.To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES I. DEANE, of Springfield, in the county ofHampden, in the State of Massachusetts, have invented certainImprovements in Direct-Acting Steam-Engines 5 `and the following is afull and exact description of the same, reference being had totheaccompanying drawing, in which- Figures l and 2 are views, partly inelevation and partly in sections, in two planes, showing` the valves andother parts, and their arrangement in the chest. Fig. 3 is a transversesection of Fig. l. Figs. 4L and 5 are sections of valve I in differentforms. Fig. 6 is a plan of the seat of valve E. Figs. 7, 8, and 9 areplan views of valve E and its seat, showing the valve in differentpositions.

My improvements consist in a more convenient, economical, andpracticable arrangement than has hitherto been attained, as I believe,of the valves and other parts of a direct-acting engine where thesecondary valve is constructed to be moved and is moved continuously bythe main piston during the whole stroke of the latter 5 and furtherconsists in devices for securing regularity and certainty of action inengines or' that kind, so that they may be effectively andsatisfactorily used, and thus a slow and easy movement of the secondaryvalve be secured, and the sharp concussion and unpleasant noise, as wellas the sudden and jerky movement of the valve, incident to anintermittent or tappet connection with the piston, be mainly avoided.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my improvements, IWill now describe their construction and operation, referring to thedrawing and letters of reference thereon.

Referring first to Fig. l, A is the main cylinder of the engine. B isthe cylinder of the seconda-ry piston. Gis the secondary piston, whichis connected with and moves the main valve D. Eis the secondary valve,arranged in chest F at the side of the cylinder B, and connected withthe main piston through shaft e, crank-arm d, rod c, arm b, andpiston-rod a. fis an arm attached to shaft c to move piston C when itfails to be moved promptly under the action of its valve E. G G a-re theports of main cylinder A. H is the exhaust-port of same. the ports ofcylinder B. of same.

g g are li is the exhaust-port 'i i are supplemental ports communicatingWith ports G G', and, by means of chambers in valve E, connecting alsowith ports g g, and thus communicating with cylinder B. j j are slidingpoppet-valves, (heretofore patented by me,) by means of which piston Cis cushioned. The arm b is attached to the piston-rod a., and connectedby a joint with the rod c, which is connected by a joint withl thecrank-arm d, which is fastened to the shaft e, to which the valve E isalso firmly attached.

It will be seen that this connection from the main piston to thesecondary valve E is such as to give the latter a continuous movementduring the whole stroke of the piston, which movement, being deriveddirectly from the reciprocating movement of the piston, without anintervenin g rotary motion, makes the use of a valve of the ordinaryconstruction impracticable. I therefore construct and arrange asecondary valve and its ports, as shown in Fig. 4, where it will be seenplainly that the valve cannot operate for a reversion of its piston whenitself is near the center, but only when near the end of its ownmovement, for during the greater part of its movement both of the portsg g a-re closed by the valve. This valve has a semi-cylindrical formadapted to a-rocking movement, and is attached to a shaft, c, Fig. l,which passes through an opening in piston C sufficient to allow a freemovement ofthe latter, and has a bearing for its further end in orattached to the side of the cylinder B.

Supposing this valve I, then, to be in place of the valve E in Fig. 1,the operation will be plainly seen to be as follows: The main piston,moving to the left, has, by means of the connection a b c d e, justbrought the secondary valve I into the position shown, where it willadmit steam through port g to one end of cylinder B, and exhaust steamfrom the opposite end through port g connected bythe valve with eX-haust-port h, thus reversing the position of pis- -ton C carrying mainvalve D, and so reversing' the main piston, which will then move to theright until it brings valve Iinto position to admit steam through port gand exhaust through port g, when piston C will be moved back to theposition shown.

It will, however, Abe seen, from the construction and relations of valveI, that as soon as it has effected a reversion of piston C, and so ofits reversions.

the main piston, thev main piston will immediately move the valve I backso as to close both of the ports g g communicating with cylinder B, andthus the flow of steam to piston U being cut oif it may not be held withsufficient rmness in its true position, but may be s ubject to avibratory movement during the intervals between I therefore prefer theconstruction and arrangement shown in part in Fig. 1 and more fully inFigs. 6, 7, 8, 9, in which valve E and its seat are supposed to beiiattened to a plane. The center line of the seat in all these figuresis indicated by the letter o. Fig. 6 is a plan of the seat. g g are theports communicating with cylinder B, and h is the exhaust-port, and,with the valve I, previously described, these three ports only are used,but now We have two supplemental ports, if, communicating with ports GG', controlled by the main valve. All these several ports are indicatedin dotted lines in Figs. 7, 8, 9, in which also are shown the valve indifferent positions, and in dotted lines the connecting-chambers k k andl in that side of the valve which is in contact with the seat. Fig. 7represents the valve in the position. shown in Fig. l--port g is open tothe chest and taking steam; port g is communicating with exhaustport hthrough chamber lin valve; and portst' 1'. are closed. In Fig. 8 thevalve, in its return movement, has cut orf the direct communication ofport g with the chest, but has at the same instant connected that port,by means of chamber 7c in the valve, with port i', whereby port gcontinues to take steam as before, but takes it from passage G', towhich steam is now being admitted by the main valve. In like manner portg has been cut off from the exhaust-'port h, but, by means of chamber k,has been connected with port i, which, through passage G and main valveD, new connects with main exhaust H. In Fig. 9 the valve has made itsfull movement to the right-ports t' t" are closed 3 port g is connectedwith eXl1aust-port It; and port g is ope-n to the chest and taking steamto move piston C to the position shown in Fig. l.

It will at once be seen that under this construction and c rrangementthe objection suggested in respect to valve I is obviated; for no soonerdoes the secondary valve E close its proper ports than it opens othershavin g an equivalent eiiect, though under the joint control of itselfand the main valve.

The secondaryv piston (l is a long` hollow cylinder closed at the ends,with an opening at the bottom to receive a stem projecting from the topof the main valve D, and an opening through it from side to side for theshaft c, as before mentioned, and also an opening at the top sufiicientfor the play of the arm j', which opening` is exactly so adjusted inrespect to the arm and the relative position ofthe secondary valve thatthe arm, in its movement, will strike the piston when, and only when,the latter' fails to move promptly under the opera-tion of its valve. InFig. 2, in order to show another mode of applying` my invention, Irepresent the valve E in the form of a iiat slide. It will be seen thatthe valve in this form is the same in substance as in the other, theonly difference being that in this form it is moved horizontally, or ina direct line, while in the other it has a rocking movement; and thedescription already given of the operation under the other form appliesin the main equally to this, the same letters being used in both iigures(l and 2) to indicate the same or equivalent things. The form of theconnection from the main piston to the secondary valve differs somewhatfrom that shown in Fig. l, in which the arm b is attached to thepiston-rod a. In Fig. 2 it is attached to an additional rod, u, whichpasses through the cylinder-head, and is attached to the piston near itsperiph ery. This is a convenient form in the case of largepumping-engines, Where the diameter of the water-cylinder being lessthan the diameter of the steam-cylinder, the rod a can pass outside theformer, as shown in the drawing. The pump and engine being thus broughtnearer togetherV than is practicable in the other form of connection,the machine as a whole is made much stron ger and more compact. In orderto give the valve E or I its proper movement when in the form of a flatslide, an eccentric is attached to the shaft e and arranged in respectto the valve and its connection with the main piston in the mannerplainly shown in Fig. 2.

l do not claim as part of my invention the particular mechanical devicesdescribed, whereby a continuous movement is imparted by the main pistonto the secondary valve, excepting as arranged with the eccentric m orarranged or combined with other elements, as hereinafter speciiied; nordo I claim broadly, as part of my prcsent invention, the contingentmechanical connection, herein shown, of the secondary piston with thesecondary valve or its rod, whereby the secondary piston is movedmechanically by the engine when it fails to be moved promptly under theoperation of its valve, in respect to which subject-matter a patent hasheretofore been granted me; but I here claim only the particular mode ofapplication of the principle of that invention as herein applied.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent. 1s-

l. The secondary valve I, constructed fora continuous movement,substantially as described, and operating to admit steam alternately toopposite ends of its cylinder B, and the secondary piston (l, connectedwith the main valve I), substantially as shown, and without interveningstuffing-boxes, in combination with a constant mechanical connectionfrom the main piston to the secondary valve, whereby a continuousmovement of the latter is derived from the recipro eating movement ofthe engine without an intervening rotary motion.

2. The secondary valve E and its seat, constructed and having ports,chambers, and passages arranged therein, substantially as described, soas to act conjointly with the main valve, as and for the purpose setforth.

3. The arrangement of the main valve D with the continuously-movedsecondary valve and its the secondary Valve, admitting steam to one end'control of the secondary and main valves, subpiston G, and a constantmechanical connection from the main piston to the secondary' valve insuch manner, substantially as described, that the secondary piston isreversed by the operation of and opening` the exhaust to the other endof the cylinder B, and is then brought under the joint stantially asandfor the purpose set forth.

4. The combination of the secondary piston C and secondary valve I or Ewith the arm f, and the constant connection thereto from the mainpiston, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. The arrangement of the oscillating eccentric m, Fig. 27 with thesecondary valve I or E in the manner shown, the eccentric forminga partof the connection from the main piston to the secondary Valve, and7 likethe Valve, moved continuously during the Whole stroke of the piston.

The above specitcation of 1ny said invention signed and witnessed atSpringeld, Massachusetts, this lst day of March, AQD. 1871.

CHARLES P. DEANE.

Witnesses A. M. OHAPIN,

E. DUDLEY OHAPIN. (150)

